又一波新的十个MMUN词汇，你记得住吗？

The tool, shaped like a small wooden hammer, is used by the Chair to keep order within a  MMUN committee. Many conferences give the gavel to the delegate recognized by the dais as the best in that committee; therefore，the term is frequently used to refer to the award given to the best delegate, even in cases where no actual gavel is given.
主席用来维持模联委员会秩序的一个小木锤形状的工具。很多会议都把委员会中使用过的槌赠与主席团选出的该委员会的最佳代表。所以这个词也常常用来指赠与最佳代表的奖励，哪怕事实上并没有。 

The standard type of debate at a MMUN conference, in which delegates speak for a certain period of time in the order based on the speakers’ list. 
在一个模联会议中标准形式的讨论。代表按照发言名单确定的顺序在规定时间内进行演讲。

Head delegate is the chief representative of a MMUN delegation. 
首席代表是一个模联代表团中的领队。 

成员国

A country that has ratified the Charter of the United Nations and whose application to join has been accepted by the General Assembly and Security Council. Currently, there are 192 member states. The only internationally recognized state that is not a member state is the Holy See. 
一个批准了联合国宪章、并且加入申请已经被联合国大会和安理会接受的国家。目前联合国一共有192个成员国。唯一一个国际承认的非成员国家是教廷梵蒂冈。 

A type of caucus with a specific topic and restricted total time, moderated Caucus enables delegates to focus on detailed problems in a short period of time.
一种有特定主题、限总发言时间的磋商形式。有主持核心磋商可以让代表在短时间内关注更为具体的问题。  

会议主席

See "Chair".

动议

A suggestion made by a delegate to change the current process. A motion might refer to a caucus, an adjournment an introduction to a draft resolution, or closing the debate.
由代表提出的改变现有会议进程的建议需要全体代表投票表决。这些动议的内容可以是进行磋商、休会、介绍决议草案或者进入投票阶段。 

观察员

An observer is a state, national organization, regional organization, or non-governmental organization that is not a member of the UN nor a member of a specific committee, but participates in the debates. Observers can vote on  procedural matters but not substantive matters, e.g. the Holy See or the State of Israel participating in the Security Council meeting regarding Israel-Palestine conflict. 
一个不是联合国成员或某特定委员会成员的国家、政府组织、区域组织或者非政府组织。国家观察员可以对程序性问题投票，但是不能对实体性问题进行投票。例如教廷梵蒂冈和参与安全理事会巴以问题讨论的以色列。 

At a Model UN conference, when a working paper or draft resolution is first written, it may not be discussed in debate. After it is approved by the Director and introduced by the committee, it is put “on the floor” and may be further discussed. 
当一项文件被主席批准之后，就可以提交到会场上讨论，此时文件就是on the floor.
在模联会议中，一份工作文件或者决议草案刚刚完成的时候不能够被讨论。只有在得到会议指导的认可并且被委员会介绍后。它才进入“被讨论状态”进而可以被广泛讨论。 

行动性条款

At a Model UN conference, when a working paper or draft resolution is first written, it may not be discussed in debate. After it is approved by the Director and introduced by the committee, it is put “on the floor” and may be further discussed. 
决议中描述联合国将如何解决问题的部分，以动词第三人称单数，比如决定、成立、建议等等开头。